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3 US economists win 2022 Nobel Prize in Economics_我的网站

一 |     10月18日，中国石化西南石油局在四川盆地部署的金石103HF探井获得高产稳产工业气流，日产天然气25.86万立方米，评价落实地质资源量3878亿立方米。    Stockholm, Oct 10 (UNI) The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced Monday that three US-based economists won the 2022 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences “for research on banks and financial crises”.

The winners are Ben Bernanke, former head of the US Federal Reserve and currently with the Brookings Institution in Washington DC, Douglas Diamond of the University of Chicago and Philip Dybvig of Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. The winners share a prize of about $900,000.

The nobelprize.org put out a release saying:

"Their discoveries improved how society deals with financial crises

"This year’s laureates in the Economic Sciences, Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig, have significantly improved our understanding of the role of banks in the economy, particularly during financial crises. An important finding in their research is why avoiding bank collapses is vital.

"Modern banking research clarifies why we have banks, how to make them less vulnerable in crises and how bank collapses exacerbate financial crises. The foundations of this research were laid by Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig in the early 1980s. Their analyses have been of great practical importance in regulating financial markets and dealing with financial crises.

"For the economy to function, savings must be channelled to investments. However, there is a conflict here: savers want instant access to their money in case of unexpected outlays, while businesses and homeowners need to know they will not be forced to repay their loans prematurely. In their theory, Diamond and Dybvig show how banks offer an optimal solution to this problem. By acting as intermediaries that accept deposits from many savers, banks can allow depositors to access their money when they wish, while also offering long-term loans to borrowers.

"However, their analysis also showed how the combination of these two activities makes banks vulnerable to rumours about their imminent collapse. If a large number of savers simultaneously run to the bank to withdraw their money, the rumour may become a self-fulfilling prophecy – a bank run occurs and the bank collapses. These dangerous dynamics can be prevented through the government providing deposit insurance and acting as a lender of last resort to banks.

"Diamond demonstrated how banks perform another societally important function. As intermediaries between many savers and borrowers, banks are better suited to assessing borrowers’ creditworthiness and ensuring that loans are used for good investments.

"Ben Bernanke analysed the Great Depression of the 1930s, the worst economic crisis in modern history. Among other things, he showed how bank runs were a decisive factor in the crisis becoming so deep and prolonged. When the banks collapsed, valuable information about borrowers was lost and could not be recreated quickly. Society’s ability to channel savings to productive investments was thus severely diminished.

"The laureates’ insights have improved our ability to avoid both serious crises and expensive bailouts,” says Tore Ellingsen, Chair of the Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences.

The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was not included in Alfred Nobel's will, voanews.com reported.

It was established by the Swedish central bank in 1968 — and is officially the "Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel" to mark the bank’s 300th anniversary. It was first awarded in 1969 and has been funded by the bank since then.

UNI ING。这是我国首次在寒武系筇竹寺组地层取得页岩气勘探的重大突破，开辟了页岩气规模增储新阵地，将为页岩气勘探开发向新区、新层系、新类型领域纵深推进提供有力支撑，助力川渝地区国家天然气（页岩气）千亿立方米级产能基地建设。页岩气是指赋存于富有机质泥页岩及其夹层中，以吸附或游离状态存在的非常规天然气，成分以甲烷为主，主要用于居民燃气、城市供热和发电等。据介绍，四川盆地主要有龙马溪组、寒武系筇竹寺组两套主力海相页岩层系，其中龙马溪组已实现规模开发，包括我国首个深层页岩气田——威荣页岩气田。寒武系筇竹寺组则是未来最具潜力的海相页岩气勘探目标。

二 | 图自中国石化，下同中国石化西南石油局加强研究，建立了针对寒武系页岩层系新的评价标准，发现了粉砂质新类型页岩气勘探目的层。同时，面对该层系优质页岩厚度薄、纵向应力差异大、规模改造难度大等问题，攻关粉砂质页岩改造技术，创新采用新的压裂工艺和压裂液体系，多段压裂改造。十年来，中国石化西南石油局大力提升油气勘探开发力度，建成世界首个7000余米超深高含硫生物礁大气田——元坝气田，探明我国首个深层页岩气田——威荣页岩气田等，落实了合兴场须家河、永川龙马溪组、井研筇竹寺组等千亿立方米以上规模增储新阵地。天然气年产量由2012年的28.2亿立方米上升至2021年的80.01亿立方米，累计生产天然气529.5亿立方米，成为中国石化最大的天然气生产企业。

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Published on:10:15:54