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自动驾驶再迎利好！“道交法”修订草案设特别专章 厘清车企主体责任_我的网站

A |     自动驾驶商业化发展进程，再次迎来重大利好。

B |     BRUSSELS -- The alleged attacker who killed two Swedish soccer fans in Brussels this week before he was shot dead by police was residing in Belgium illegally and should have left the country three years ago, but never did.In a country that has been repeatedly rocked by extremist attacks, the government’s inability to deport the 45-year-old Tunisian national and prevent him from carrying out the attack is sparking a fierce political debate.Many questions remained unanswered as Sweden’s Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson traveled to Brussels on Wednesday to attend a ceremony paying tribute to the victims and meet his Belgian counterpart Alexander De Croo. How was a man who was on police files, thought to be radicalized and being sought for deportation, able to remain on Belgian soil? How did he obtain a semiautomatic rifle and launch such an attack?Investigators are still trying to determine the motive for Monday night’s attack, which happened not far from where Belgium’s men’s soccer team was hosting Sweden in a European Championships qualifier. It was the latest of a long list of extremist attacks to hit Belgium, including suicide bombings in 2016 that killed 32 people and injured hundreds more in the Brussels subway and airport.Authorities believe the suspect acted alone.Sweden raised its terror alert to the second-highest level in August after a series of public Quran burnings by an Iraqi refugee living in Sweden resulted in threats from Islamic militant groups. Asked if this might be a possible motive in this week's attack, the Belgian federal prosecutor’s office said it was too early to tell.Put on the backfoot by political rivals quick to condemn the inadequacies of Belgium’s deportation policy, De Croo stressed that orders to quit the Belgian territory need to be better enforced.“An order to leave the territory must become more binding than it is now,” he said. “The people who are not entitled to protection should leave the territory.” “When two people die, the only thing you can say is that things have gone wrong,” De Croo added.He also called for better protection of the European Union's external borders and coordinated return policies across the 27-nation bloc.Kristersson said he did not blame Belgian authorities for their failure to send the suspect back to his country of origin because “we have exactly the same problem in Sweden, with very many people who are declined asylum but refuse to leave.”According to Justice Minister Vincent Van Quickenborne, the suspect was denied asylum in 2020. He had been suspected of involvement in human trafficking, living illegally in Belgium and of being a risk to state security.Nicole de Moor, the secretary of state for asylum and migration, said Belgian authorities had lost track of the suspect after his asylum application was refused because he did not want to be housed in a reception center. Authorities were unable to locate him to organize his deportation.Governments critics, however, pointed out that police were able to quickly find his address and carry out raids at his Brussels flat after the attack. Belgium’s federal prosecutor Frédéric Van Leeuw said the shooter was recognized by the video and that people helped to identify the suspect and to track him down.Bernard Clerfayt, a Brussels minister who is also the mayor of the Brussels borough where the killings took place, called for the resignation of de Moor, the migration secretary.“There are thousands and thousands of orders to leave the country that have not been carried out, and what’s more, the procedure makes no provision for tracking down the addresses of all these people,” Clerfayt told La Premiere radio on Wednesday.Van Leeuw, the prosecutor, said Belgian authorities didn’t have much indication about the suspect’s radicalization. They received some intelligence from an unidentified foreign government in 2016 that the man had been radicalized but could not act on it because Belgian authorities were not able to establish it, he said. They saw no signs of radicalization since then. “Radicalization is not a crime either,” he said.Jesper Tengroth, a spokesman for the Swedish Migration Agency, told Swedish public radio that the suspected gunman lived in Sweden from 2012 to 2014 and spent part of that time in prison before being sent to another EU country.Official figures showed that only 5,497 of the 25,292 people who received an order to leave Belgium in 2022 have respected it. According to various estimates, some 150,000 people are currently residing illegally in Belgium. On average in the European Union, only around one in three people whose asylum applications fail ever actually leave. Forced deportations have a dark history in Belgium. In 1998, Samira Adamu, a Nigerian asylum seeker whose application had been rejected, was suffocated to death by security officials on her plane back to Africa after she tried to resist her deportation. The interior minister at the time resigned over the scandal.Theo Francken, a lawmaker from the right-wing Flemish nationalist party N-VA, said Belgian authorities should be stricter with criminals and radicalized individuals. “This must really be the government’s focus. It’s a big mistake not to have done this,” he said.Meanwhile, Swedish public broadcaster SVT identified one of the victims as Patrick Lundström, a 60-year-old who was described by his family as an “incurable football fan” who followed the national team through good times and bad times.The fact that the shooter used a semiautomatic rifle highlighted another serious issue for Belgium — the widespread circulation of weapons in a country that struggles to fight fierce drug trafficking.“Because of drug crime, there is a lot of demand for these kinds of weapons,” Nils Duquet, the director of the Flemish Peace Institute and a weapons expert, told VRT News. "It’s not only serious criminals who get hold of these kinds of weapons these days, but also more minor ones.”___Raf Casert in Brussels contributed.。    8月25日，据新华社消息，提请十四届全国人大常委会会议初次审议的《道路交通安全法修订草案》，设置了“自动驾驶汽车的特别规定”专章，明确了自动驾驶汽车和辅助驾驶功能的概念。

C |     并明确自动驾驶汽车在自动驾驶功能激活状态下发生道路交通安全违法行为的，由自动驾驶汽车生产企业、进口企业接受处理。未激活自动驾驶功能的自动驾驶汽车和驾驶仅具备辅助驾驶功能的汽车上道路行驶，按照非自动驾驶汽车的规定管理。

D |     “‘道交法修订草案’增设自动驾驶专章，是我国自动驾驶法治化里程碑。”中国汽车流通协会乘联分会负责人崔东树向财联社记者表示，过去辅助驾驶、自动驾驶违法责任界定模糊，驾驶员、车企责任边界容易产生纠纷。“‘草案’明确区分自动驾驶与辅助驾驶，将自动驾驶模式激活状态下违法责任落到车企、进口企业，从法律层面厘清主体责任，解决了长期的责任归属痛点，为高阶自动驾驶合法上路扫清法律障碍，利好L3及以上自动驾驶商业化落地。”     如果说8月初发布的《智能网联汽车 自动驾驶系统安全要求》（GB 44721-2026）强制性国家标准是解决“产品要达到什么样的安全技术才能上路”的技术准入强标，“道交法修订草案”新增自动驾驶专章则是解决“上路权责、通行规则、法律后果”的法律层面关键底座。    标准、法规的制定，亦离不开相关部门对于自动驾驶车辆的前置评估与考试工作。    财联社记者了解到，公安部自多年前便已启动保障智能网联汽车上路通行的探索研究，并持续进行了应用与迭代。在公安部道路交通安全研究中心有关专家看来，首先要固守安全底线，服务自动驾驶上路通行的安全保障需求，推进车辆检验与驾驶员考试；第二，配合工信部门开展各种试点工作；第三，持续开展道路通行规定符合性测试技术的应用。    “我们希望自动驾驶比人类开车更安全，且不能违反道路交通规定。交通事故虽然无法完全避免，但自动驾驶车辆不能主动造成事故。”前述专家在2025世界智能网联大会期间表示，公安部会针对功能安全、网络安全、数据安全等维度进行评估，目的是让自动驾驶车辆在复杂场景下可以有序同行，不影响交通秩序，不做出不合理的驾驶行为。

E |     在企业端，华为、北汽、长安、比亚迪、地平线等多家车企、供应商已前置布局自动驾驶技术并加速测试，密集展开多个城市的L3级自动驾驶道路测试牌照申请工作。目前，工信部已发文许可两款L3级自动驾驶车型产品，分别为长安深蓝SL03和北汽极狐阿尔法S6。

F |     “‘草案’做了清晰的切割，即，未开启自动驾驶、仅辅助驾驶的车辆，依旧由驾驶员承担全部责任。这一点非常关键，避免消费者混淆辅助驾驶和自动驾驶。法律把辅助驾驶仍归传统机动车管理，提醒用户不能脱管。”崔东树直言，该“草案”审议落地后，会倒逼车企完善算法安全、数据回溯机制，推动行业规范发展，对智能网联汽车产业长期发展意义重大。

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Published on:05:54:06