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Polish opposition leader Tusk declares win after exit poll shows ruling conservatives lose majority_我的网站

A |     WARSAW, Poland -- Polish opposition leader Donald Tusk declared the beginning of a new era for his country after opposition parties appeared to have won enough votes in Sunday's parliamentary election to oust the governing nationalist conservative party.That party, Law and Justice, has bickered with allies and faced accusations of eroding rule of law at home in its eight years in power. It appeared that voters were mobilized like never before, voting in even greater numbers than when the nation ousted the communist authorities in 1989. In some places people were still in line when polling officially closed, but all were allowed to vote. If the result predicted by an exit poll holds, Law and Justice won but also lost. It got more seats than any other party but not enough to be able to lead a government that can pass laws in the legislature. The Ipsos exit poll suggested that Law and Justice obtained 200 seats. Its potential partner, the far-right Confederation got 12 seats, a showing the party acknowledged was a defeat.It also showed that three opposition parties have likely won a combined 248 seats in the 460-seat lower house of parliament, the Sejm. The largest of the groups is Civic Coalition, led by Tusk, a former prime minister and former European Union president. It won 31.6% of votes, the exit poll said. “I have been a politician for many years. I’m an athlete. Never in my life have I been so happy about taking seemingly second place. Poland won. Democracy has won. We have removed them from power,” Tusk told his cheering supporters.“This result might still be better, but already today we can say this is the end of the bad time, this is end of Law and Justice rule," Tusk added.Law and Justice leader Jaroslaw Kaczynski acknowledged the ambiguous result. He told supporters at his headquarters that his party’s result, at nearly 37% of the vote, according to the exit poll, was a success, making it the party to win the most votes for three parliamentary elections in a row. “We must have hope and we must also know that regardless of whether we are in power or in the opposition, we will implement this (political) project in various ways and we will not allow Poland to be betrayed," Kaczynski said.If the result holds, and Law and Justice is the single party with the most seats, then it would most likely get the first chance to try to build a government.It falls to President Andrzej Duda, who is an ally of Law and Justice, to tap a party to try to form a government.Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki said on Polsat News that Duda “will entrust the mission of forming the government to the winning party and in this first step we will certainly try to build a parliamentary majority."Three opposition parties, Tusk's Civic Coalition, Third Way and the New Left, ran on separate tickets but with the same promises of seeking to oust Law and Justice and restore good ties with the European Union.Wlodzimierz Czarzasty, a leader of the Left party, vowed to work with the others to “create a democratic, strong, reasonable and predictable government.”Katarzyna Pelczynska-Nalecz, the head of election campaign for Third Way, called it a “huge day for our democracy.”Votes were still being counted and the state electoral commission says it expects to have final results by Tuesday morning.At stake are the health of the nation’s constitutional order, its legal stance on LGBTQ+ rights and abortion, and the foreign alliances of a country that has been a crucial ally to Ukraine after Russia launched its full-scale invasion.LGBTQ+ rights activist Bart Staszewski called it the end of a “nightmare” for himself as a gay man and others.“This is just the beginning of reclaiming of our country. The fight is ahead but we are breathing fresh air today,” Staszewski said.Environmental activist Dominika Lasota was emotional with relief, saying “we have our future.”Law and Justice has eroded checks and balances to gain more control over state institutions, including the courts, public media and the electoral process itself.During the campaign many Poles described the vote as the most important one since 1989, when a new democracy was born after decades of communism.Turnout Sunday appeared to be even higher than the 63% of voters who turned out for the 1989 election that led to the ouster of the communists. Despite many uncertainties ahead, what appeared certain was that support for the governing party has shrunk since the last election in 2019 when it won nearly 44% of the vote, its popularity dented by high inflation, allegations of cronyism and bickering with European allies.There is a high level of state ownership in the Polish economy, and the governing party has built up a system of patronage, handing out thousands of jobs and contracts to its loyalists. A political change could open the way for the EU to release billions of euros in funding that has been withheld over what the EU viewed as democratic erosion.Piotr Buras, of the European Council of Foreign Relations, said the opposition had gained from “growing fatigue” with the government among Poles, "beyond the groups usually supporting the liberals.” The fate of Poland's relationship with Ukraine was also at stake. The Confederation party campaigned on an anti-Ukraine message, accusing the country of lacking gratitude to Poland for its help in Russia's war. Its poor showing will be a relief for Kyiv.A referendum on migration, the retirement age and other issues was held simultaneously. Some government opponents called on voters to boycott the referendum, saying it was an attempt by the government to galvanize its supporters. Many voters were seen refusing to take part in the referendum.___Associated Press journalists Kwiyeon Ha, Pietro De Cristofaro and Rafal Niedzielski contributed to this report.。    谈及城市更新，人们往往首先想到成片街区的焕新、重大项目的落地。在最近一次采访中，杭州市规划设计研究院详规所负责人向记者提起，他们正聚焦城市日常生活里一个更细微、更具体的空间——菜市场。

B | 为何偏偏是菜市场？“一只‘菜篮子’看似很小，装着的却是一座城市的一日三餐。

C | ”调研组如此解读这项研究的分量：菜市场既是最贴近居民的民生设施，也是一类高频使用的存量空间。从这里起笔，正是希望透过这个小切口，窥见城市更新背后的大民生。由此，市规划院联合相关单位，对上城、拱墅、西湖、滨江四区的133家农贸市场展开调研，形成《杭州主城区农贸市场调研报告》，带我们读懂小小“菜篮子”所承载的丰富意涵。主城区菜市场，“家底”几何？调研的第一步，是摸清“家底”。调研组将部门数据、规划底图、交通数据和网络平台信息叠加，为主城四区133家农贸市场逐一“画像”：市场平均建筑面积约2300平方米，平均建筑使用年限约21年；以1公里为服务半径测算，每处市场周边平均居住约6万人，其中约1.3万人为60岁以上老年群体。从空间分布看，老城区农贸市场密度较高，但普遍建成年代较早；外围新城区农贸市场布局相对分散，不同市场覆盖的人口规模差异明显。从交通可达性看，大多数农贸市场公交出行较为便利，但配备自有停车位的市场仅占约38%。能否短时停车、非机动车停放在哪里、晚归的上班族能否赶上营业时间，这些细节都会影响居民的使用选择。“菜市场具有准公益属性，更是天然的邻里交往空间。”调研组把菜市场视作一类特殊的社区资源：部分老城区缺少社区食堂、养老服务和便民空间，传统菜市场既有成熟的空间基础，又有稳定的日常人流，有潜力成为补齐社区公共服务短板的重要载体。

D | 与此同时，不少菜市场也面临设施老化、空间利用低效、经营效益分化、社区黏性减弱等问题。菜市场究竟该保留、扩容、复合利用还是优化调整，不能简单套用一种模式，而是要结合服务人群、空间条件和运营状况综合研判。

E | 为了把“家底”摸得更透彻，调研组综合空间基础、交通条件、服务人群、经营效益和公众关注度等多维度指标，选取12家农贸市场实地走访，最终从中确定9家典型样本。部分走访的契机，源于一组“反常”数据。

F | 万寿亭农贸市场面积不大，成交额却十分突出。实地走访后大家才发现，周边餐饮企业密集，不少摊主长期为饭店、酒店供货，撑起高交易量的不只是零售散客。“单看成交额，没法摸清一个菜市场真实的运转逻辑。”调研组在走访笔记里留下这样的真切感触。只有走进菜市场，才能读懂数字背后的生意与生活。当图纸上的数据与菜市场里的“烟火”彼此印证，三类样本逐渐清晰：沉淀着人情与老味道的传统市场，主动拥抱年轻消费群体的“网红”市场，以及串联多元社区服务的“超级客厅”。不同的空间家底，指向了不同的更新路径。制图 王冰“老饕圣地”：空间焕新，怎样留住人情？扎根老城区，依托平价生鲜、老字号和熟客关系留住人气——调研组将察院前、凤起、采荷等农贸市场归为“老饕圣地”。察院前农贸市场的蔬菜摊主老叶，与父亲在这里一守就是十余年。菜品全从合作农户的田间地头直运过来，新鲜又实在。

G | 不少熟客进门拿起菜、付完钱就走，几乎不用问价；老叶还总会热情叮嘱几句，每样菜怎样烧才对味。人与人之间的情谊，就在这一来一往中细水长流。农贸市场之外，大马弄的酥鱼、酱鸭、豆腐包等地道老味道，更吸引着专程寻味而来的游客。凤起、采荷两处农贸市场，也有相似的老字号和熟客群。“老菜市场最珍贵的不只是老味道，还有摊主、熟客和进货渠道共同织就的人情网络。

H | ”一次次走访，让调研组对此感受越发深刻，这些难以被冰冷数据识别的社会联系，同样是城市更新需要珍视的存量资源，“倘若在改造中消散，便很难靠精致的空间设计重新寻回。”从规划视角看，老菜市场更新首先要识别这些“看不见的资源”。报告建议，遵循“保留、整治、提升”的思路，稳住基本业态和老商户，梳理打通菜市场与周边街巷、历史文化空间的关系，同时改善通风采光、干湿分区、垃圾收运和消防安全等。察院前农贸市场紧邻大马弄、太庙广场，也给出了一份极具参考价值的启示：买菜、寻味、爬山、休憩，可串联成一条日常路径；熟食店铺设置在出入口附近，形成面向街巷的开放界面；内部生鲜区承接日常客流；广场则为老人买菜后歇脚、聊天留出公共空间。一次次深入走访，让调研组形成共识：“规划要在尽可能不打扰原有生活秩序的前提下理顺空间，既延续老人熟悉的日常，也让年轻人愿意踏进来。”农贸市场要实现长久运营，还要算好经济账。采荷农贸市场一位摊主反映，环境提升后，摊位租金也有所上涨。一位在杭州运营多家农贸市场的从业者建议，以相对较低的蔬菜摊位租金稳住摊主的菜价，从而维持基础客流，再通过引入餐饮、社区食堂等复合业态提升综合收益，避免将改造成本简单转嫁给摊主和消费者。

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