中国银行

一 |           　　央视网消息：近期，一条网传视频引发公众热议。8月16日，上海至成都西的K1156次列车上，3名旅客实名制购买了6号车厢005号、006号、007号三个硬座席位车票，其中2名旅客检票乘车并按席位号就座，将零食放置到1名未检票乘车旅客车票所对应的006号空闲席位。         

    Foreign tourists view a model of urban planning and construction at the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center on August 10, 2025. Photo: VCG
Editor's Note:
Chinese President Xi Jinping has pointed out, "to understand China today, one must learn to understand the Communist Party of China (CPC)." With the rapid development of China's economy and society, and the steady advancement of the Chinese path to modernization, the notable achievements of the CPC have drawn extensive international attention and scholarly interest. Against this backdrop, the Global Times has launched the "CPC in Global Eyes" column, focusing on the feelings, perspectives and insights of international friends from various fields regarding the CPC's historical path and achievements.
They include those who have toured China, who deeply study the CPC in academic fields, who work, live, study, seek employment or do business in various fields in China, and who pay close attention to the CPC's policies and trends, although they haven't visited the country in person. Through their vivid personal experiences, we aim to present a multifaceted overseas view of the CPC.
In the 16th installment of this series, we followed two Latin American scholars as they toured Chinese cities, witnessing how the CPC's people-centered, long-term development vision is translated into tangible everyday improvements - and reflecting on what China's experience might offer for state capacity building in Latin America.

Standing before the glass at the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center, Ecuadorian scholar María Imelda Robalino gently traced the edge of the giant city model with her fingertips, her eyes reflecting the orderly contours of this megacity stretching toward the horizon. The clear lines linking green spaces along the city's iconic Huangpu River, dense residential neighborhoods and industrial parks drew the public administration scholar, who has long studied urban expansion in Latin America, into deep thought.
Beside her, Mariana Escalante, a Mexican scholar in China studies, gazed at the scrolling timeline of Shanghai's long-term urban plans on a screen and expressed her admiration for the CPC and the Chinese government's all-out efforts in development and construction. "It's very impressive that they're taking care of all the factors that influence Chinese people, not just development and the economy, but also the environment and the well-being of the people," she told the Global Times at the exhibition center.
In June, a delegation of more than 20 think tank scholars from about 15 Latin American countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Ecuador, started their tour in China. Over the course of more than 10 days, they visited cities including Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing, and went into urban planning exhibition centers, residential communities, Party schools, eco-friendly power plants and university think tanks. Robalino and Escalante were among them. Like many others in the group, they came with a shared purpose: to see for themselves what Chinese modernization under CPC leadership actually looks like.
"I always emphasize the importance of seeing and experiencing China with my own eyes, in addition to learning about it through documents, academic research or news reports," Escalante told the Global Times.
    Mariana Escalante visits an eco-friendly power company in Nanjing, East China's Jiangsu Province, on June 11, 2026. Photo: Courtesy of Escalante
From plans to everyday life
For Escalante, this trip to China was far from her first encounter with the country.
A professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and founder of Mexican Association of Sinology, she has visited China many times before - yet each journey still brings fresh discoveries. "China is a country that changes at an impressive speed, so I try to visit as often as possible," she told the Global Times. "Every trip allows me to observe new processes, and compare what I study in texts with how policies are implemented."
Robalino approached her China visit with a broader set of expectations. Her institution, Ecuador's National Institute of Advanced Studies, has a Center for Chinese Studies, and this trip was meant to deepen existing academic ties. As a scholar of public policy and innovation, she also hoped to observe firsthand how China builds state capacity.
With different expectations, the delegation set off on a "dialogue" spanning mountains and seas. In Shanghai, the Latin American scholars visited the city's urban planning exhibition center and also stepped into one of its most local residential communities. If the former showed them how a metropolis is "planned" into being, the field visit to Block 228 Changbai New Village Subdistrict, or Changbai 228, revealed how planning is translated into everyday life - through the leadership and support of CPC organizations at every level.
On an afternoon in early June, the delegation stepped into Changbai 228 in Shanghai's Yangpu district. Since its completion in 1952, it has served as a warm home for the city's industrial workers. More than seven decades later, through urban planning, it has been transformed into a mixed-use community that preserves historical memory while offering modern services.
As the delegation walked through the neighborhood, they passed one amenity after another: a convenience commercial center, an affordable sports and health center, a restaurant, and subsidized rental housing. Inside a local Party-mass service center, some residents were dancing, while music drifted out into the hall. At the entrance, several scholars paused and, unable to resist, began clapping along to the beat.
"From the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center, I was able to observe how the state plans and envisions the development of the city; at Changbai 228, I was able to observe the results of that action from the perspective of the community and everyday life," Robalino told the Global Times. What intrigued her most was "how a planned intervention can become a space that does not feel rigid or imposed, but instead becomes a place for connection and coexistence." To her, the case revealed one of the less visible dimensions of public action: what happens after planning, during implementation, when public decisions become part of people's daily lives.
Escalante was equally struck by what Changbai 228 revealed about the CPC's people-centered philosophy. "What attracted my attention most at 228 was the close connection between urban renewal and the everyday well-being of residents," she said.
"Urban space should not be organized solely around commercial consumption. Changbai 228 includes commercial services, but it also has public and community spaces where people can meet, rest or take part in activities, without consumption necessarily being at the center of the experience." In Escalante's view, the CPC's people-centered approach had taken on tangible form. "Development should not be understood only in economic terms or in terms of economic gain, but also in terms of the people."
    Foreign tourists visit the Bund in Shanghai on August 17, 2026. Photo: VCG
An immersive understanding

Having visited China in person and seen firsthand how CPC policies are implemented in everyday life and put at the service of the people, these Latin American scholars with a strong interest in China gained a more immersive understanding of some of the Party's core concepts.
Several of the projects the scholars visited enabled them to observe how these concepts are translated into concrete policies and projects, Escalante said. She pointed to some terms often mentioned by the CPC and the Chinese government, such as "people-centered development," "common prosperity" and "Chinese modernization."
"People-centered development" means that development should not be measured solely by economic growth, infrastructure construction or technological progress, but also by its ability to improve people's livelihoods and quality of life, she added.
The scholar further pointed out that, "common prosperity" adds another layer to this vision: growth and modernization should benefit a broader swath of society, and development should help reduce social and regional inequalities. "What is the point of achieving high levels of economic growth or technological development if a significant part of the population is left outside its benefits?"
As for "Chinese modernization," Escalante described it as a modernization path suited to China's own historical, social and political conditions, rather than the assumption that there is only one universal model to follow.
"The leadership of the CPC is also explicitly presented as one of its central elements. From my perspective, the role of the Party is precisely one of the defining features of this process," she told the Global Times. "The Chinese government has considerable capacity to set long-term development goals, coordinate public policies and mobilize resources toward specific priorities. What interests me is how these broad ideas are translated - or are intended to be translated - into concrete policies, and what results they produce at different levels of society."
Cooperation amid challenges
This year marks the 10th anniversary of the launch of the China-Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) Forum. Data show that in 2024 trade between China and Latin American and Caribbean countries exceeded $500 billion for the first time, more than 40 times that of the beginning of this century. In 2025, the figure climbed further to $549 billion. More than 20 Latin American countries had joined the Belt and Road cooperation framework, the Xinhua News Agency reported in May 2025.
Behind the numbers are scholars' observations and reflections. Escalante believes that one of the most practical and promising areas for cooperation between China and Latin America lies in sustainable urban transportation and its integration with new energy - including electric public transit, charging infrastructure, energy storage technologies, smart traffic management systems and shared mobility services. "These are particularly relevant areas for large Latin American cities that face problems such as congestion, pollution, unequal access to transportation and long commuting times," she said.
From the perspective of public administration, Robalino pointed to at least two areas where China and Latin America could find concrete opportunities for South-South cooperation.
"One is the exchange of experience on long-term planning, policy monitoring and strengthening implementation capacity; the other is public innovation," she told the Global Times. "It would be particularly interesting to exchange methodologies for experimentation, institutional learning and scaling up innovations."
When asked about the resurgence of "Monroe Doctrine" thinking in the US, Escalante did not evade the issue. "US influence and pressure on Latin America have a long history," she said. What worries her now, she added, is that the US government has once again publicly invoked the Monroe Doctrine, "which inevitably raises questions in Latin America about sovereignty and the capacity to make our own decisions."
At the same time, Escalante argued that it is too simplistic to explain Latin America's limited autonomy solely through external pressure. "Autonomy also depends on our own capacities. A country with strong institutions, a more diversified economy, lower levels of poverty and inequality, greater scientific and technological capabilities, and a long-term development strategy also has more room to decide with whom it wants to build relations and on what terms," she said.
Looking at Latin America, Escalante said one of the most important lessons from China's experience is the country's ability to define long-term goals and, above all, to translate them into concrete policies.
"Our countries have very different political systems, histories and social conditions, so this is not about copying the Chinese model," she told the Global Times. "However, we can reflect on the importance of building institutional systems that can plan, coordinate policies, ensure a certain degree of continuity and make public decisions truly take effect."
As the scholar put it, "China's experience can prompt Latin America to ask an important question: how do we build states with enough capacity to turn development goals into concrete and lasting improvements in people's lives?"
。途中，该车厢一名持无座席号车票的旅客希望在006号空闲席位就座，并请求列车员协调，列车员在核实购票和席位情况后，建议旅客双方自行协商解决。      　　8月21日，国铁成都局对此事发布情况说明，结合《中华人民共和国民法典》《铁路旅客运输规程》等法律法规作出专业法律界定：旅客购票后未检票上车，视为该旅客不行使本次列车运行区段内的席位使用权;基于合同相对性原理和铁路旅客运输规则，该席位也不能由第三方占用和处置。有特殊需求应当向列车工作人员报备，由工作人员现场协调处置。     　　旅客未检票乘车      　　视为不行使席位使用权利      　　国铁成都局发布情况说明后，再次引发舆论争议，有不少网友发文支持这两名女孩，认为车票是花钱买的消费权益，购票人有权自由支配座位。另有一些网友则支持无座旅客，认为火车座位属于公共交通资源，客流紧张时闲置座位是一种浪费，买票旅客没上车，座位应该重新分配给无座票乘客或者补票乘客。对此，国铁集团相关负责人也作出了进一步表态。

二 |      　　国铁集团企法部合规管理处处长焦德贵介绍，根据《中华人民共和国民法典》、交通运输部《铁路旅客运输规程》《铁路旅客车票实名制管理办法》以及国铁集团铁路旅客运输规则等法律法规和规定，旅客购票后由于自身原因未检票乘车，视为该旅客不行使席位使用权利。     　　过去，火车开车后，没赶上车的旅客车票作废。而现在，列车开车后，未检票乘车的旅客可享受免费改签当日24时前车次车票等权利，不再享有自由支配原座位的权利。     　　焦德贵表示，如果支持购票人可以支配座位的观点，理论上这名旅客购买一张车票，可以享受两张车票的权利，一张是未检票上车仍可支配的空闲席位，另一张是开车后改签的车票，这不但是对公共资源的浪费，会形成负面示范效应，可能引发更多一人购买多张车票占座的行为，这是不合理的。     　　有特殊需求 能否多购买车票?      　　那么旅客如有特殊需求，是否可以购买多于乘车人数的车票呢?      　　国铁集团客运部客运管理处处长郑铎介绍，旅客如因自身疾病或陪护病人等特殊需求，可购买多于实际乘车人数的车票乘车，比如，2人出行，一人陪伴一名病人，需要3张车票空间，便于病人躺卧或放置医用器械，可以在购票时用3张身份证件购买3张车票，但上车后向列车工作人员说明，工作人员会提供重点旅客服务，也会协助对其他旅客进行解释。     　　车票处置权属于购票人      　　而不是同行人      　　也有网友提出异议，认为该规则在权责上不对等，购票人已经完成付费，未检票并不代表铁路部门已经完成退款，在票款没有退回的前提下，直接剥夺购票人的席位权益是否有失公允?如果说未检票乘车产生的空闲席位，被安排给站票旅客使用，那原旅客在中途站又上车了怎么办?这个座位是归站票旅客继续使用，还是归原旅客使用呢?      　　焦德贵表示，根据相关法律和规定，旅客自支付购票款起，即建立了与承运企业间的客运服务合同关系。旅客没有检票乘车，放弃运行区段的席位使用权利，后续还有改签等权利。这个权利均是旅客本人，而不是同行人，哪怕这个同行人是其亲人和为其购票付款的人，也无权处置旅客的空闲席位。     　　铁路部门表示，旅客由于自身原因未检票乘车，形成旅客不行使列车正在运行区段该席位使用权的客观事实，即席位出现空闲，此时如有无座票旅客有就座需求，可以使用或找工作人员进行协调临时就座。     　　郑铎表示，在原旅客退票或者改签前，铁路部门不会对此车票再次出售。但要注意的是，无座票旅客是临时就座，如果原旅客中途上车，仍拥有该席位的使用权，可以找工作人员请临时就座的旅客离开，原旅客在此就座。

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