A | A Chinese research team has completed an updated geologic map of the entire moon featuring a scale of 1:5 million, the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (IGCAGS), said on Thursday. Representing a significant scientific iteration from the 2024 version, this map effectively rewrites the moon's geologic history based on the latest research findings. "The lunar geologic history has indeed been rewritten -- more precisely, refined and systematized," said Yang Zhiming, director of the IGCAGS. Specifically, a primary achievement of this update is the recalibration of the moon's ancient geologic eras. The new map systematically updates the age boundaries of the moon's three ancient geologic periods, namely the Aitkenian, Nectarian and Imbrian periods, drawing on recent advances in international chronology. Crucially, Chang'e-5 samples confirmed volcanic activity on the moon as recently as 2 billion years ago, extending its geologic lifespan by 1 billion years from the previously accepted 3 billion years. This independent dating data has now become a cornerstone of the global lunar geologic timescale. Highlighting these spatial discoveries, the new global lunar geologic map is the first comprehensive canvas to bear exclusive findings from the Chang'e-6 mission. "The lunar samples and this map will provide a new starting point for scientific discussions regarding the lunar far side," said Jin Ming, an associate researcher at the IGCAGS. The map details the age of young mare basalts on the lunar far side obtained from the Chang'e-6 samples, recording the region's volcanic history. Furthermore, it reveals that KREEP rocks, enriched with rare earth elements and other strategic resources, are far more continuous and abundant in the Oceanus Procellarum than previously estimated. This discovery, achieved by eliminating spectral noise, prompts a systemic reevaluation of the moon's early magma ocean crystallization and internal thermal evolution. Beyond its scientific data, the 2.8-by-1.2-meter map introduces a proprietary cartographic standard. Identifying over 13,500 impact craters and 81 basins, it employs a unique color scheme rooted in geologic logic and traditional Chinese aesthetics, following a "lighter for younger, darker for older" principle. Furthermore, this standard will also be applied to future geologic mapping of Mars and asteroids, ending reliance on foreign standard systems. "This goes beyond showcasing technological soft power. This standard will be extended to future planetary geologic mapping, establishing an independent intellectual property framework for China's deep space exploration," Yang said. 
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B | 8日下午，记者从浙江省气象局举行的媒体通气会上了解到，台风“白海豚”将于9日夜里至10日早晨在苍南到象山一带沿海登陆并贯穿我省，8日夜里至10日全省大部有大雨暴雨、部分大暴雨，降水强度大于台风“巴威”，整体风雨影响范围更广，影响时间也更长。今年第13号台风“白海豚”的中心，当天20时位于温州市东偏南方向约420公里的海面上，中心附近最大风力有14级（45米/秒），中心最低气压为950百帕，七级风圈半径为420至450公里，十级风圈半径为220至250公里，十二级风圈半径为100公里。从卫星云图看，“白海豚”体型庞大，是个巨型台风，环流直径超1000公里，台风眼变得模糊。省气象台首席预报员贾燕解释，现在眼区不是很明显，是干冷空气的卷入导致台风眼区闭塞。
C | 随着台风逐渐向陆地靠近，受到近岸较低的海温以及大陆摩擦的影响后，强度往上发展的空间不大。与台风“巴威”相比，“白海豚”有何差异？据贾燕分析，首先，由于水汽和热力条件相对更好，“白海豚”的短时降水效率比“巴威”更高。其次“白海豚”移动速度较慢，登陆后贯穿浙江的时间预计接近24小时，比“巴威”的11小时更长，因此“白海豚”对浙江降雨的影响时间更长，导致累积雨量更大，整体降水影响和次生灾害风险更大。再次则是路径预报难度更大，目前，“白海豚”的引导气流不明确，受副热带高压断裂、附近热带系统（如“灿鸿”）以及北侧冷空气系统的多重影响，路径变数比“巴威”大得多。在降雨方面，浙江强降雨时段主要在8月8日夜里至10日。据了解，8日夜里至10日全省大部有大雨暴雨部分大暴雨，其中台州、宁波、温州北部、丽水东部、金华东部、绍兴东部等地局部有特大暴雨；11日浙西和沿海地区部分仍有大到暴雨，局地大暴雨。由于“白海豚”将正面袭击、贯穿我省，风雨范围广、影响时间长，浙江各部门须全力做好台风灾害防御。一是加强防范大风。“白海豚”强度强、环流尺度大，在浙江滞留时间较长，沿海和内陆大部地区将出现持续性大风，需重点加强回港避风船只管理及滨海设施、简易建筑、广告牌、农渔业设施等防风加固工作。二是严防特大暴雨。
D | “白海豚”将给浙江大部带来强降雨，我省山地、丘陵、平原交错，地形复杂，极易引发山洪、地质灾害、中小河流洪水和城市积涝等次生灾害，对城市运行、交通运输、农业生产等也有不利影响，须严加防范。三是提醒公众通过官方渠道密切关注气象部门发布的最新台风预报预警信息，台风影响期间尽量待在室内，如在户外一定远离广告牌、临时搭建物等危险区域。
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