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科学家们种植辛辣的番茄是为了满足味蕾还是其他什么？_我的网站

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    US Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent speaks to the media outside the West Wing of the White House in Washington, DC, US, on August 20 2026. Photo: VCG
US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent's latest remarks that Washington will impose "the toughest sanctions in history" on Iran while urging China to cooperate reflect an attempt to shift responsibility for the prolonged Iran war and the failure of US pressure tactics. By trying to drag China into the discussion, Washington is essentially resorting to the ploy of "making others take medicine for one's own illness." This amounts to the US' making excuses for its own erroneous policy toward Iran, said Chinese experts. 
China opposes illicit unilateral sanctions that lack basis in international law and UN Security Council mandate, Lin Jian, spokesperson of the Chinese Foreign Ministry said on Friday in response to Bessent's remarks, calling on parties to act responsibly and stick to the political and diplomatic approach. 
"We have the blockade (on Iran), and we are going to have the toughest sanctions in history," Bessent told CNBC. Bessent said he would hold a press conference on Monday to discuss details, according to a Reuters report. 
When asked ⁠if the US could target China for doing business with Iran, Bessent said many conversations were best to have in private. "We are confident that everyone wants the Strait (of Hormuz) reopened, and for energy prices to come back down," ⁠he said, per Reuters. 
Bessent's comments on Thursday followed US President Donald Trump's threat a day earlier of "Economic Warfare" and warning of economic consequences against any country that provided "any type ‌of lifeline to Iran," according to Reuters.
The US appears to have reached an impasse with Iran, caught in a dilemma in which it can neither secure a military victory, reach a political settlement, nor easily disengage. Against this backdrop, Washington is seeking to intensify economic pressure on Tehran to force concessions, while also directing pressure toward China. At its core, this approach amounts to waging an economic cold war against Iran in an attempt to compel Tehran to alter its existing policies, Sun Degang, director of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at Fudan University, told the Global Times on Friday.
Amid declining domestic support for the US' current policy on Iran, Bessent sought to shift blame onto others, a clear case of buck-passing. By blaming normal trade between Iran and countries such as China and Russia for the prolonged Iran crisis and the failure of Washington's pressure campaign on Iran, the US is "asking others to take medicine for its own illness." The root cause lies in Washington's own confrontational policy toward Iran, said the expert. 
At a press conference of the Chinese Foreign Ministry on Thursday, a Bloomberg reporter asked: "US President Donald Trump has announced plans to inflict what he calls an 'economic D-Day' on Iran, including threats against Iran's trading partners. Given that China buys a large amount of Iranian oil, does the Foreign Ministry have any comment on this approach of economic warfare that Trump is threatening and how it might affect China?"
Spokesperson Lin said that sanctions and pressure tactics are not the solution. China calls on all parties to act responsibly and remain committed to a political and diplomatic approach.
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi described the US move as a "diversion from America's own crisis: unprecedented debt & surging interest costs." "Doubling down on failed policies will only bring further defeat - and enmity of Iranians. US economic terrorism threatens global economy and sovereignty worldwide," Araghchi wrote on X on Thursday morning.
The US has sanctioned Iran for decades without achieving its desired results. During the maximum economic pressure campaign launched in 2018, Iran suffered a severe economic downturn, yet Washington failed to force Tehran into major concessions. A new round of tougher sanctions could further strain Iran's economy and disrupt trade with regional partners, but is unlikely to trigger an immediate collapse, Tian Wenlin, a professor at the Renmin University of China's School of International Studies, told the Global Times.
Washington also appears to be taking a dual-track approach toward China: seeking to use China's economic leverage over Tehran while threatening Chinese companies that continue normal trade with Iran, said the expert.  
Washington's shift from military options to economic pressure may signal limited de-escalation, but the broader US-Iran rivalry could settle into a prolonged, low-intensity standoff. Persistent tensions around the Strait of Hormuz would keep global energy markets under pressure, fueling inflation and weighing on global growth, said the expert. 
Oil prices rose to more than a three-week high on Thursday following those US threats of financial penalties aimed at forcing an end to a nearly six-month-old war that has stranded millions of barrels of Middle Eastern oil, according to a Reuters report on Friday. 
。辛辣的食物在世界各地很受欢迎。辣椒素是“热”食物味道的活性成分，是一种具有独特性质的化学物质，使食物美味可口。然而，辣椒素生产植物（辣椒科或辣椒）通常较小，产量相对较低。现在，科学家们想出了一个替代方案：设计番茄植株来生产辣椒素。如果一切顺利，总有一天你可以享用热番茄，甚至从热番茄中提取的辣椒素。

B | 研究表明，番茄具有生产辣椒素所需的所有遗传信息。”我们知道所有的基因都存在于番茄中，”科学家阿古斯丁·兹恩说。本文通过介绍番茄如何产生辣椒素，将植物转化为“生物工厂”和辛辣小吃，提出了一种激活番茄遗传机制的基因编辑方法。这个“生物工厂”可以生产比目前更多的化学品。

C | 番茄有一个类似辣椒素的遗传途径，类似于辣椒中的辣椒素，因为这两种南美植物是相关的。”在我们的实验室里，我们研究了这两个物种，”zsgn说。

D | 去年，他的研究小组利用基因编辑技术“驯化”了野生番茄，在几代人的时间内培育出比野生番茄多出果实的品种。这个过程实际上类似于种植作物的过程——早期的农民种植了每一代产量最高的植物，这样他们的基因信息就可以存活下来。zsgn说，与辣椒素生产相关的遗传途径非常复杂，很难打开这条途径。辛辣的西红柿可能有一些新的烹饪意义，但更重要的是，它们可以作为辣椒素的生物工厂。这些化合物有医疗用途。虽然辣椒素是最有名的，但辣椒中有五种天然辣椒素。它们在工业应用中有一定的地位，例如癌症治疗、抗炎和止痛药，甚至胡椒喷雾。

E | 为什么不多加些辣椒呢？与土豆、西红柿和烟草不同，辣椒以劳动和生长困难而臭名昭著。因此，研究人员认为辣味番茄可以产生更多的辣椒素。

F | 然而，并不是每个人都同意这种方法。

G | 乔治亚大学的植物遗传学家和分子生物学家埃丝特·范德克纳普指出，辣椒有很多种。”番茄的生产确实可以这样优化，”她承认，但与辣椒不同，家养番茄不是一种多样化的作物。范德纳普说，辣椒更有可能针对不同的生长条件进行优化。”我认为大自然提供了这个特殊的生物工厂。

H | 加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校的植物遗传学研究人员艾伦·范德因茨同意范德克纳佩的批评。他说，辣椒是一个“巨大而有效的辣椒素工厂”。相比之下，西红柿需要更多的水，因为它们很软，所以更难处理。他更感兴趣的是看到在番茄生物工厂工作的研究人员转向更难培养的化合物。

I | 他说，他们可以通过生产辣椒素来操纵番茄中的香兰素途径，并将这种水果用作昂贵而困难的豆类的生物工厂。

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Published on:11:02:15